Ontogenetic Anatomy of the Female External Genitalia: Local Progression of Vulvar Carcinoma
摘要
Ontogenetic anatomic maps of the human female perineum, with special consideration of the vulvar compartment and its peripheral, intermediate, and central subcompartments, are generated by pursuing their stepwise development from the beginning of organogenesis at Carnegie stage 11 to maturity. The mature tissue derivatives of the stage-associated morphogenetic fields representing the cancer fields of progressing vulvar carcinoma in reverse sequence are depicted with high topographical precision. The marked differences between the ontogenetic anatomy and the textbook anatomy of the vulva are demonstrated. Landscapes of the local spread of vulvar carcinomas originating in the different subcompartments again consolidate the cancer field model.