The study of the regularities of the structure of plant objects makes it possible to create new in shape and structure, strong and reliable building structures. This makes it possible to improve building structures based on the principles that are outlined in this study. The article considers such a science as plant architectonics, the founders of which were S. Schwendener and V.F. Razdorsky. The article discusses the theory of the application of structural and mechanical principles in the study of plant structure. Studying the patterns of plant structure allows us to see ways to increase the strength of the structure. Plant objects are able to withstand significant external influences on them, since the structure of these objects can be maximally adapted to various mechanical actions. The form and structure of some plant objects, for example, bamboo, are considered. Bamboo architecture is very interesting in its shape and makes it possible to use natural materials. The use of natural materials in architecture and design is very relevant. The use of bamboo in architectural structures allows you to create delicate, durable and unique shaped objects. Examples of plant objects with a frame structure are given. The leaves of the plants form an optimal strong lattice of the main veins. The types of venation of leaf blades are given. The search for optimal design options with natural structures in construction is especially relevant and gives rise to such a direction in science as bionics. It is necessary to continue to develop methods of bionic research in the analysis of plant architectonics. And the introduction of mathematical modeling methods in the design creates conditions for the construction of more durable and reliable building structures.