In this chapter, knowledge on the early to late post-collisional magmatism in late Paleozoic central Europe is summarized. The chronology, physical geology and magmagenetic models of plutonic, subvolcanic and volcanic complexes and their interrelation have been described, and a comprehensive reference list has been compiled. We subdivided the report on the magmatic activity into (i) early Carboniferous, (ii) mid- to late Carboniferous, (iii) magmatic flare-up at the Carboniferous-Permian transition and (iv) late Permian volcanic fields and visualized these magmatic periods in an overview map. In the Bohemian Massif, the early Carboniferous magmatic activity started in the Moldanubian terrane along the W, S and N-sutures around the rigid supracrustal Tepla-Barrandian block and at the northeastern border of the Bohemian Massif along the Odra fault zone. Similar plutonic rocks occur in the Schwarzwald and Vosges. Except for a few rhyolitic bodies and ignimbrites in the Vosges and Schwarzwald, only intrusions of various sizes are known for this period. Most plutons have a granitoid composition. In addition, large plutons with ultra-potassic composition (e.g. durbachites) are widespread and a peculiarity of this period. A major source of these ultra-potassic rocks (as well as for lamproites) is the lithospheric mantle that was already contaminated by deeply subducted crustal material. In the Bohemian Massif, mid- to late Carboniferous magmatism is mainly located towards the W, S and N of the Tepla-Barrandian block but at a greater distance to it in comparison to the period of early Carboniferous magmatism. These plutons are located both in the southern Moldanubian and in the Saxothuringian zones. Mid-Carboniferous magmatic activity resulted in pluton generation, exclusively, while the earliest volcanites are documented beginning in the late Carboniferous in intra-montane basins and in the eastern Erzgebirge region. Mid- to late Carboniferous granitoids/rhyolites formed mainly from crustal sources. In contrast, bimodal magmatic activity is characteristic for the Carboniferous-Permian transition while volcanism started to dominate the magmatic activity. Although only small regional occurrences are known in the Moldanubian zone, the entire Saxothuringian zone is penetrated by these plutonites and volcanites. The volcanism extends into the Rhenohercynian zone as far as the Variscan foreland. Most melts show calc-alkaline affinity although tholeiitic varieties also occur. The mid- to late Carboniferous volcanism was dominated by the presence of caldera complexes and associated ignimbrite sheets and subvolcanic bodies. During the Carboniferous-Permian transition, both the importance and volume of caldera complexes increased. Basic lava fields and shield volcanoes developed; rhyolitic, high-volume lavadome and subvolcanic centres comprise an important part of the volcanic inventory in central Europe. The chemical composition of the magmatic rocks documents a pre- and syn-Variscan contamination of the mantle lithosphere by subducted crustal material that led to enrichment of large ion lithophile elements as well as to anomalously high Sr- and low Nd isotope ratios in mantle-derived rocks (durbachites, lamproites and lamprophyres). The geochemical composition of lamprophyres and lamproites as well as other mainly mantle-derived rocks (e.g. basalts) do not record a change in their composition from early (early Carboniferous) to late (Carboniferous-Permian transition) magmatic activity as would be expected if large-scale changes of the lithospheric mantle occurred (e.g. delamination, rollback). To complete the picture of this diverse and high-volume post-Variscan magmatism, more whole-rock and mineral chemistry and isotope data are needed, in particular from the less studied units.

Permian-Carboniferous Magmatism

章节
发表日期：

2025年

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Christoph Breitkreuz,
Marion Tichomirowa

摘要

In this chapter, knowledge on the early to late post-collisional magmatism in late Paleozoic central Europe is summarized. The chronology, physical geology and magmagenetic models of plutonic, subvolcanic and volcanic complexes and their interrelation have been described, and a comprehensive reference list has been compiled. We subdivided the report on the magmatic activity into (i) early Carboniferous, (ii) mid- to late Carboniferous, (iii) magmatic flare-up at the Carboniferous-Permian transition and (iv) late Permian volcanic fields and visualized these magmatic periods in an overview map. In the Bohemian Massif, the early Carboniferous magmatic activity started in the Moldanubian terrane along the W, S and N-sutures around the rigid supracrustal Tepla-Barrandian block and at the northeastern border of the Bohemian Massif along the Odra fault zone. Similar plutonic rocks occur in the Schwarzwald and Vosges. Except for a few rhyolitic bodies and ignimbrites in the Vosges and Schwarzwald, only intrusions of various sizes are known for this period. Most plutons have a granitoid composition. In addition, large plutons with ultra-potassic composition (e.g. durbachites) are widespread and a peculiarity of this period. A major source of these ultra-potassic rocks (as well as for lamproites) is the lithospheric mantle that was already contaminated by deeply subducted crustal material. In the Bohemian Massif, mid- to late Carboniferous magmatism is mainly located towards the W, S and N of the Tepla-Barrandian block but at a greater distance to it in comparison to the period of early Carboniferous magmatism. These plutons are located both in the southern Moldanubian and in the Saxothuringian zones. Mid-Carboniferous magmatic activity resulted in pluton generation, exclusively, while the earliest volcanites are documented beginning in the late Carboniferous in intra-montane basins and in the eastern Erzgebirge region. Mid- to late Carboniferous granitoids/rhyolites formed mainly from crustal sources. In contrast, bimodal magmatic activity is characteristic for the Carboniferous-Permian transition while volcanism started to dominate the magmatic activity. Although only small regional occurrences are known in the Moldanubian zone, the entire Saxothuringian zone is penetrated by these plutonites and volcanites. The volcanism extends into the Rhenohercynian zone as far as the Variscan foreland. Most melts show calc-alkaline affinity although tholeiitic varieties also occur. The mid- to late Carboniferous volcanism was dominated by the presence of caldera complexes and associated ignimbrite sheets and subvolcanic bodies. During the Carboniferous-Permian transition, both the importance and volume of caldera complexes increased. Basic lava fields and shield volcanoes developed; rhyolitic, high-volume lavadome and subvolcanic centres comprise an important part of the volcanic inventory in central Europe. The chemical composition of the magmatic rocks documents a pre- and syn-Variscan contamination of the mantle lithosphere by subducted crustal material that led to enrichment of large ion lithophile elements as well as to anomalously high Sr- and low Nd isotope ratios in mantle-derived rocks (durbachites, lamproites and lamprophyres). The geochemical composition of lamprophyres and lamproites as well as other mainly mantle-derived rocks (e.g. basalts) do not record a change in their composition from early (early Carboniferous) to late (Carboniferous-Permian transition) magmatic activity as would be expected if large-scale changes of the lithospheric mantle occurred (e.g. delamination, rollback). To complete the picture of this diverse and high-volume post-Variscan magmatism, more whole-rock and mineral chemistry and isotope data are needed, in particular from the less studied units.