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The battery management system ensures the safe operation of electric vehicles (EVs) by detecting abnormalities in the battery energy storage system. However, the extensive and widely dispersed data in EV battery data, along with the presence of users’ private details, raise a demand for effective anomaly detection and privacy protection. To tackle those two challenges, we propose Fed-Autoformer, a distributed anomaly detection architecture based on real vehicle charging data to detect battery anomalies and protect privacy. Thus, we first propose a novel anomaly detection model for EV charging data based on the Autoformer encoder architecture. In particular, it enables an autocorrelation attention mechanism to extract and consider the intrinsic correlation of battery data features (e.g., voltage, current, state of charge (SOC), etc.) for anomaly detection. In addition, we introduce a federated learning architecture to protect the privacy of battery charging data and improve the federated learning training process based on the differences between vehicle batteries in charging stations to ensure detection accuracy while protecting the privacy of EV charging data. Finally, we comprehensively analyze the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed architecture using a real EV charging dataset. Our proposed federated learning approach for EV battery anomaly detection not only effectively protects privacy through federated learning but also improves the accuracy by 3.2% compared to most mainstream time series anomaly detection models.

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Fed-Autoformer: A Federated Learning-Based Battery Anomaly Detection Approach for Electric Vehicle Charging with Privacy Preservation

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Xuhan Yan,
  • Shunbo Yang,
  • Yiguo Guo,
  • Yimu Fu,
  • Sixing Wu,
  • Jianbin Li

摘要

The battery management system ensures the safe operation of electric vehicles (EVs) by detecting abnormalities in the battery energy storage system. However, the extensive and widely dispersed data in EV battery data, along with the presence of users’ private details, raise a demand for effective anomaly detection and privacy protection. To tackle those two challenges, we propose Fed-Autoformer, a distributed anomaly detection architecture based on real vehicle charging data to detect battery anomalies and protect privacy. Thus, we first propose a novel anomaly detection model for EV charging data based on the Autoformer encoder architecture. In particular, it enables an autocorrelation attention mechanism to extract and consider the intrinsic correlation of battery data features (e.g., voltage, current, state of charge (SOC), etc.) for anomaly detection. In addition, we introduce a federated learning architecture to protect the privacy of battery charging data and improve the federated learning training process based on the differences between vehicle batteries in charging stations to ensure detection accuracy while protecting the privacy of EV charging data. Finally, we comprehensively analyze the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed architecture using a real EV charging dataset. Our proposed federated learning approach for EV battery anomaly detection not only effectively protects privacy through federated learning but also improves the accuracy by 3.2% compared to most mainstream time series anomaly detection models.