In this study, an enhanced inverse finite element method (iFEM) is presented for real-time shape and strain sensing of complex aerospace structures. The method can improve the structural performance and flight efficiency of the intelligent aircraft by feeding back the structural shape information to the control system. Initially, the presented algorithm combines the rigid kinematics with the classical iFEM to discretize the aerospace structures into a combination of rigid and elastic parts, which will effectively overcome structural complexity due to the variable cross-section and changing bending stiffness. Subsequently, the rigid parts provide geometric constraints for iFEM in the shape reconstruction method. Meanwhile, utilizing the Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensor to obtain real-time strain information ensures the lightweight and anti-interference of the monitoring system. Next, the strain data and the geometric constraints are processed by the iFEM for monitoring the full-field elastic deformation of the aerospace structures. The whole procedure can be interpreted as a piecewise sensing technology. Finally, the present method is numerically performed for the morphing structure subjected to different loading cases, and the effectiveness is validated by comparing the finite element analysis results. Overall, the presented hybrid algorithm fills the gap in the reconstruction of complex aerospace structures and expands the engineering application of iFEM.