Sustainable development is defined as progress made in current society without sacrificing the range of demands that the next generation will have. Addressing current and future requirements while considering development is the main goal of sustainable development. The development of any country is based on key factors, including technological advancements, industrial development, and economic factors. For these factors, the energy requirements are high and play an important role. The type of energy harness determines the country’s sustainable development, as more developing nations are shifting toward renewable energy sources to promote environmental sustainability and preserve their energy reserves. To achieve sustainability, energy sources with lower costs and fewer environmental issues are preferred over conventional fossil fuels. This chapter aims to discuss the causes and problems associated with fossil fuel usage and changing trends in technology, considers the Indian scenario as a case study, and implies policies aimed at achieving sustainability.