This article draws on the life and work of Moritz Lazarus, a German-Jewish philosopher who was prominent in his time, influential for several scholars, including Georg Simmel, Franz Boas, and Wilhelm Dilthey, in disciplines of sociology, anthropology, or cultural philosophy, respectively. Lazarus was standing at the center of his society but at the same time can be considered as marginalized—as a liberal, as a Jew, and as a representative of Völkerpsychologie, a social psychology combining conflicting research approaches of its time. Lazarus strived to extend psychology by a social and a cultural perspective, in focusing on the relations of the individual to others and to society as well as to the realms of the objective spirit (objektiver Geist), how he termed what today would be called culture. Being part of the movement to reconcile and intertwine idealism and realism (or materialism), he combined empirical-scientific with historical and conceptual approaches and introduced the everyday world to psychological reasoning. He devised psychology as an endeavor to analyze how connected spirits of individuals and collectives have developed in their respective histories and along certain ideas. But like his pluralist theory of society which influenced the contemporary discussions about belonging to the nation, also this relationist, proto-sociological, and historical take on psychology has been marginalized and forgotten, at least temporary. His work was part of a period of the in-between—in relation to politics and public debates as well as the academic world. It took until the 1980s to rediscover the potential and impact of Lazarus and the Völkerpsychologie.