This chapter studies the issue of the participation of the most disadvantaged, perceived as profiting from the system. These people, who are often apprehended as being incapable of thinking, are identified as incapable of participating in the making of decisions concerning them. The least that can be said is that this poses a problem from the point of view of principles of equality and justice! Indeed, the analysis of various currents of political thought shows that citizenship is apprehended in different ways, from an emphasis on origin, identity or ethnic belonging, from phenomena of victimization or, on the contrary, there are logics of aid for the most vulnerable. A particularly salient common point emerges: the most destitute citizens, who are excluded, invisible, forgotten or second-class do not occupy their rightful place in the public space. We conclude that there are only two ways out of this ideological impasse: to overcome prejudices concerning their relationship to knowledge and to promote the adapted participation of the most disadvantaged, without forgetting to think of justice that relies on their experience of marginalization, suffering and humiliation.