We have long been fascinated by the motion of bird flocks and insect swarms, admiring their fluid dynamics and purposeful interactions. It seems that nature has grasped the concept of producing emergent global properties from local rules and interactions to allow large-scale systems of agents to act cohesively: think birds, herds, schools of fish and even crowds on the subway. Yet, the disparate ideas of what a swarm is (or is not) still hamper discussion, especially among stakeholders who are less interested in swarming as a discipline and more interested in swarming as a means to an end. To provide a common basis for the collection of papers provided in this volume, we conducted a workshop intended to tease out concepts and ideas relevant to the general idea of “thinking swarms”. This chapter reports on the findings and presents a taxonomy that emerged from the workshop.