In this chapter, I apply the Hotelling model to some industrial organization problems. First, I consider the case where a public firm competes against a private firm (mixed duopoly). Second, I consider the impact of product differentiation, represented by the firms’ distance on the segment, on the sustainability of a collusive agreement between the firms. Finally, I adopt the Hotelling model to study an innovation game in which an innovator has to decide whether or not to license its cost-reducing innovation to its rival as well as which type of licensing mechanism to implement in the case of licensing.