The use of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in the delivery of agricultural chemicals has potential benefits and challenges. Traditional agricultural practices, along with excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, negatively impact soil, water, and air quality. Nanotechnology, as a sustainable solution, is an important tool to minimize environmental harm and increase crop yield. Different types of nanoparticles (NPs), such as carbon-based, inorganic-based, organic-based, and composite-based materials, have unique properties like large surface area and reactivity. NPs can enhance the effectiveness of pesticides and fertilizers while having the potential to reduce environmental damage. However, there is insufficient knowledge regarding the effects of NPs on ecosystems and the risks of bioaccumulation. Nanotechnology-enhanced phytoremediation (“nano-phytoremediation”) is a promising, eco-friendly method for pollutant removal. Further field studies are needed to assess the ecological impacts of nanotechnology and its sustainable applications in agriculture.