Social responsibility in surgical practice explores the role of surgeons in advancing health equity. This chapter addresses the impact of social determinants on patient health and the importance and practical implications of incorporating social responsibility into surgical practice. Examples of social responsibility and advocacy in current practice from the individual level to that of national organizations lay a framework for how this work is currently being done. Lastly, this chapter aims to convince readers of the importance of incorporating social responsibility into everyday practice, that identifying our patients’ social risk factors, utilizing research to better understand these socioeconomic factors, and effecting change through intervention or advocacy are critically important to improving the care we provide. We as surgeons cannot provide comprehensive care without understanding the unique needs of our patients and communities. We need to stop being silent on injustices, both big and small, and use our voices and our position as healthcare workers to influence those who hold the power to impact those communities in order to improve care for our patients.