Laparoscopic surgery has long been the gold standard for diagnosing endometriosis. In recent years, however, imaging (ultrasound and MRI) has been recognised for its excellent diagnostic value in deep or ovarian endometriosis. Superficial endometriosis is a real challenge for clinicians. This is due to the size of the lesions, often smaller than 5 mm, and the heterogeneity of the lesions from an anatomical and pathological perspective. Understanding these factors is essential to better address the diagnostic challenges of imaging. In this chapter, we will review the contributions of imaging to peritoneal endometriosis, which is often considered to have little or no efficacy. However, many soft or indirect signs can indicate peritoneal or minimal endometriosis in skilled hands. Ultrasound is an excellent examination, providing very good spatial resolution and the ability to evaluate subtle markers such as the sliding test and specific tenderness signs. MRI is performed as a second-line option, or it is performed as a first-line option if transvaginal ultrasound is not feasible. Pathognomonic signs are not always present, and in most cases, nonspecific signs can suggest the diagnosis. We will also discuss the prevalence of this condition and try to understand its impact on painful symptoms or infertility. Particular attention will be paid to endometriosis in young women. With these elements in mind, we will consider the role of imaging in therapeutic management.