This chapter explores Patricia Shehan Campbell’s contribution to the study of children’s musical cultures and the intersections between ethnomusicology and music education. Campbell’s legacy of shaping the study of children’s musical culture is framed by a commitment to applied and collaborative research with children and young people that has contributed to changing the landscape of what music education means both in formal and informal settings. Research on children’s lived experiences and perspectives is vital to advancing music education practices that honor formal and informal musical learning and help shape the music classroom to have more spaces for connection. This chapter offers a brief history of research on children’s musical cultures and advances in the field that include child-focused methods and theory for understanding children’s musical worlds. The chapter concludes with situating Campbell’s work as a major contribution to sustaining musical traditions by understanding children as both culture bearers and culture learners. The chapter ends with a Brief Response by Kathy Marsh.