After adding carbon fiber to concrete, the respective advantages of both bearing loads and deformations can be fully utilized, resulting in a significant improvement in the basic mechanical properties of CFRC. This article presents the preparation technology and experimental research of CFRC. The basic mechanical properties of CFRC with a carbon fiber length of 0–9 mm and a volume fraction of 0–0.32% were studied in terms of compression resistance, splitting tensile strength, and bending strength. The experimental results revealed a significant trend that the core mechanical properties of CFRC significantly enhance with the increase of carbon fiber length when the carbon fiber content remains constant. In our experimental setup, carbon fiber exhibited optimal performance when reaching a length of 9mm. Upon maintaining a consistent length of carbon fibers, the essential mechanical traits of CFRC follow a biphasic trend—initial ascent and subsequent decline—with the augmentation of carbon fiber concentration, culminating in peak performance at a 0.24% fiber loading. The conclusions drawn from the experimental analyses constitute a formidable basis of empirical data and a rigorous theoretical scaffold, poised to underpin and inform the sophisticated application of CFRC in pertinent disciplinary realms.