Porous phenolic materials are subjected to complex forces when used for engineering protection under high-speed impact loads. Currently, there is limited research on the characteristics of this material under high-speed loading. On the basis of using the first stage light gas gun loading technology, this article conducts high speed impact experiment on modified porous phenolic materials. Through reasonable analysis of experimental data, the mechanical state characteristics of modified porous phenolic materials under high-speed impact are explored. The Hugoniot of \(D - U_{p}\) impact insulation equation and curve of the material under high-speed impact are constructed, and the relevant coefficients and curve forms are discussed and analyzed. It is found that the Hugoniot impact insulation curve of the material is segmented when the impact speed is less than 200m/s and greater than 300m/s. The experimental and calculation results show that the Hugoniot line of the material can be characterized by inclined straight lines at medium and low speeds and approximate horizontal straight lines at high speeds, which can be used for future reference. This material provides reference for functional improvement.