Effective drainage systems are necessary in urban areas to reduce the risk of flooding, which makes accurate surface runoff estimation necessary. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) approaches offer robust tools for managing data that is both spatial and non-spatial, accurately representing watershed hydrological characteristics. This study focuses on assessing the surface runoff in Uppal Mandal, Telangana, using an RS and GIS approach. The Rational method, which employs runoff coefficients influenced by land use, was applied. The study area, covering 50.46 km2, was categorized into six land use types using RS and GIS: Trees, Bare Ground, Built-Up Area, Inundated Vegetation, and Waterbody. Analysis of data from 2017 and 2021 revealed changes in land use, particularly an increase in the built-up area from 78.24% to 83.15%. Based on these classifications, the surface runoff was computed, ranging from 90.49 m3/sec to 90.98 m3/sec. This rise in surface runoff is attributed to the increased percentage of impermeable surfaces. Consequently, this study advocates for the development of appropriate drainage systems based on its findings. It underscores the significance of integrating RS and GIS technologies in urban planning to enhance flood management strategies and ensure the effective design of drainage infrastructure.