This article is devoted to defining Russia’s role in the transformation of the modern system of global governance. Since the 1990s, Russia has consistently strived to become one of the key global elements of the global governance system in various spheres. However, having failed in its endeavor to integrate into this system as its integrative part, Russia began a unilateral transformation of this system, using both ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ power tools. Today Russia is among the countries that advocate the revision of existing regional and global institutions under the leadership of the West, which is caused by dissatisfaction with the dominant role of NATO in the regional order and the role of Western countries (primarily the United States) in the global order. In addition, but not exhaustively, the way in which Russia today, in parallel with its cooperative efforts with other global South actors, works to consolidate its political hegemony in the Caucasus and Central Asia is investigated. As a result, we see Russia’s attempts to consolidate the non-Western community, represented mainly by the ‘rising powers’ of the ‘global South’ (or the so-called ‘World Majority’), and to create an alternative international multilateral framework.