In this chapter, we first define the polysemic concept of “critical thinking.” We then argue why we need to re-engage with critical thinking so the academy can effectively respond to the defining challenges of our times. We offer a framework to foster critical thinking, paying particular attention to the roles psychology has in responding to contemporary challenges and in world-making. Finally, we end by connecting these discussions into methodologies and pedagogies, arguing that fostering critical thinking requires attention to the wide diversity of ways that individuals and groups make sense of their social worlds in their everyday lives.