Behavior Analysis is a discipline that studies behavior in itself, in contrast to disciplines that understand it as the result of underlying processes. Behavior is defined as any manifestation of the individual (motor behaviors, thoughts, feelings) that is learned, maintained, or weakened in relation to the environment. Behavior Analysis studies psychopathologies as a set of manifestations maintained in relation to the environment, differing from behaviors classified as healthy by producing suffering for the person who manifests them and/or for third parties. In this way, substance use disorders are understood as a set of behaviors, especially the behavior of substance consumption, but not limited to it, which produces aversive consequences for the user and/or for the social community. The aim of this chapter is to present a behavioral perspective on substance use disorders. Descriptions include: substance use disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; the model of selection by consequences used in Behavior Analysis; the psychopathology model used in Behavior Analysis; the main components of substance use disorders from a behavioral perspective; and a behavioral treatment perspective for risky consumption.