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This chapter explores attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as one of the neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized by impaired levels of inattention, disorganization, and hyperactivity-impulsivity, as defined by the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5-TR. It presents global prevalence data while examining the etiology, which involves a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Theoretical models, including those proposed by Gray and Barkley, elucidate the neurobiological systems underlying ADHD, particularly emphasizing the dysfunction of the inhibition system and its relationship with deficits in executive function. Furthermore, the chapter examines the significant associations between ADHD and substance use in adolescents, noting that ADHD serves as a risk factor for substance use disorders. Additionally, the chapter addresses other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as those associated with prenatal alcohol exposure, highlighting their impact on neurological and behavioral development. The chapter concludes with a focus on psychosocial interventions, underscoring the importance of comprehensive treatment strategies.

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Richard Alecsander Reichert,
  • Ana Carolina Rost de Borba Galimberti Rodrigues,
  • Thiago Marques Fidalgo,
  • Denise De Micheli,
  • Maria Sylvia de Souza Vitalle,
  • Dartiu Xavier da Silveira

摘要

This chapter explores attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as one of the neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized by impaired levels of inattention, disorganization, and hyperactivity-impulsivity, as defined by the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5-TR. It presents global prevalence data while examining the etiology, which involves a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Theoretical models, including those proposed by Gray and Barkley, elucidate the neurobiological systems underlying ADHD, particularly emphasizing the dysfunction of the inhibition system and its relationship with deficits in executive function. Furthermore, the chapter examines the significant associations between ADHD and substance use in adolescents, noting that ADHD serves as a risk factor for substance use disorders. Additionally, the chapter addresses other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as those associated with prenatal alcohol exposure, highlighting their impact on neurological and behavioral development. The chapter concludes with a focus on psychosocial interventions, underscoring the importance of comprehensive treatment strategies.