The use of synthetic colours in the textile sector is a significant contributor to water pollution. As a result of their inability to establish a strong link with the cloth, textile dyes are released into the water bodies in the form of effluent. Consequently, there are major adverse effects on human and environmental health due to the continuous outflow of untreated wastewater from several textile enterprises. The colours used in textiles have the ability to be poisonous to aquatic species, which can subsequently make their way into the food chain. This chapter will cover the consequences that dyes used in textiles have not only on human health but also on the health of aquatic flora and natural water bodies. In addition to increasing the biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, preventing photosynthesis, inhibiting plant growth, providing recalcitrance and bioaccumulation, and possibly promoting toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity, textile dyes significantly diminish the aesthetic values of bodies of water. As a result, wastewater that contains dyes has to be adequately treated by employing environmentally friendly methods in order to prevent adverse impacts on the surroundings, mankind’s wellness, and the natural resources of water. The most recent methods that are routinely used to remove colour from textile effluent are compared and contrasted in this research. The chapter also centres on the benefits and downsides of the different techniques that are currently in use.