The increasing levels of domestic, industrial, and agricultural wastewater pose significant challenges to water resources on a global scale. Traditional chemical and physical remediation methods, while effective in removing contaminants, often give rise to environmental and economic concerns. As a result, there is a growing interest in the development and integration of treatment processes for emerging contaminants (ECs) that are both effective and environmentally friendly. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of recent research focusing on substances and techniques aimed at addressing various categories of ECs, such as dyes, surfactants, pesticides, personal care products, x-ray contrast media, among others. It examines the initial treatment steps, analytical techniques, and complex implementation aspects of these innovative treatment approaches. Through an analysis of the latest advancements, this study aims to contribute to the current discourse on sustainable water purification solutions. The incorporation of advanced treatment methods not only aims to enhance pollutant removal efficiency but also ensures environmental responsibility and economic feasibility. By delving into recent developments, the objective is to lay the groundwork for sustainable solutions to the pressing challenges posed by emerging contaminants in diverse environmental contexts.