Climate change has significant implications for various meteorological processes, and the whole globe is suffering from it. The Indian region has significant climate vulnerability due to frequent severe events year-round. In recent years, extreme precipitation events have increased and wreaked devastation in Indian cities. There has been a rise in extreme rainfall events across the subcontinent linked to various hydro-meteorological events lasting on various timescales. Emissions from anthropogenic sources are one significant factor that can affect the metro cities’ climatology and lead to extreme event occurrences. Aerosols are crucial emission-related factors that influence clouds’ lifetime, composition, and properties, which further can change precipitation dynamics. Cloud droplets grow from condensation nuclei where aerosols are prime surfaces for water vapor condensation. One of the main concerns in the current scenario is the possibility of regional and global climate variability resulting from a rise in aerosol concentration in the atmosphere. Airborne aerosols have garnered a great deal of scientific interest because of their substantial impact on the hydrological cycle, cloud characteristics, and radiation balance, all of which affect local and regional climate. When cloud parameters and strong convection are paired with aerosols, precipitation can occur suddenly and severely. Aerosol can enhance rainfall from deep convective clouds while decreasing substantial rain from the stratiform clouds, potentially causing severe flooding in localized areas. Moderation of solar radiation by aerosols diminishes the insolation fraction that reaches till Earth’s surface, and thus, the convection process can be reduced or delayed at the earth’s surface. Many investigations have used remotely sensed data on particles, clouds, atmospheric characteristics, and precipitation to examine aerosols’ role in triggering extreme occurrences. For proactive disaster management, it is imperative to quantify these high-impact weather occurrences and comprehend the spatiotemporal dynamics and related physical processes. In this chapter, we will provide insight into the various research attempts to understand the role of air pollution in enhancing extreme weather conditions, especially rainfall.