This chapter introduces the book as a comprehensive exploration of the role of money in contemporary economic systems, highlighting its complex interplay with time, uncertainty, and agents’ behavior. Through a blend of theoretical frameworks and the observation of reality, the book revisits the nature of money and its creation process, investigate the various forms of rent the derive from money creation, studies the effects of agents’ high preference for money, and proposes innovative designs for “superstable” monetary and banking systems. Each chapter of the book delves into essential questions of how money influences resource allocation and economic stability. Finally, by addressing contemporary challenges faced by economies steeped in global financial integration, the book presents theories that study the impact of financial integration on policy effectiveness and draw their implications.