Household waste in present day is a challenge for modern society. Household waste has grown into a major metropolitan as well as rural sector’s concern, with greater waste production and more complex material compositions that often include contaminated and hazardous substances. The improper collection, separation, and treatment of household waste may lead to long-term and cumulative negative effects on human and the environmental health. The household waste is a diverse collection of wastes of various chemical and biological origins (e.g., biodegradable, non-biodegradable, biologically polluted, hazardous, solid, semi-solid, inert, etc.). The buildup of uncollected toxic waste not only has an adverse effect on the health of local populations, but waste management facilities such as landfills, incinerators, and dumps may also pose a threat to public health. Inaccurate waste management techniques leave waste neglected at disposal facilities, drawing in birds, rodents, fleas, and other pests. This leads to an increase in pathogenic airborne organisms, odors, greenhouse gas (GHG) releases, and the reproduction of disease transmission vectors (such as flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, rats, and other pests) in the vicinity of the disposal site. The management of household waste is a biggest challenge in a country like India which needs to follow the proper rules and regulations and cooperation of every stockholder of the society. This chapter will discuss the effects of improper disposal of household waste and how these present problems can be solved with existing societal and legislative measures.