This chapter explores the evolution and significance of clinical supervision in mental health professions, emphasizing that clinical supervision is a distinct professional practice requiring specific competencies beyond those of a good therapist. It advocates for a competency-based approach and discusses the collaborative nature of supervision, the necessity of a supervision contract, and the role of humility in fostering a productive supervisory relationship. It also underscores the importance of ongoing assessment and feedback, the integration of science- informed practices, and the ethical responsibilities of supervisors to ensure the quality of services and to protect the public. The chapter provides practical guidance on developing supervisees’ professional competence through modeling, feedback, and facilitating critical reflection and addresses the challenges of providing difficult feedback and the importance of direct observation in supervision. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the ethical and legal responsibilities of supervisors, emphasizing the need for cultural competence and the role of supervision in maintaining professional standards.