Logistics and transport have become a motor of the Spanish economy, so their optimisation has become one of the main objectives of transport companies. In this study, empirical research is carried out to identify and evaluate the main factors that influence the cost of road freight transport. By analysing data from 368 companies, researchers have been able to determine which factors influence the cost of transport in the short, medium, and long term. Taking into account the levels of influence found, organisations could pay attention to these aspects in order to improve their efficiency. At the same time, this study has theoretical implications by highlighting further potential lines of research that focus on providing tools to improve the aforementioned factors.