The built environment is facing an increasingly continuous occurrence of extreme climatic events, and this is leading to a rethinking of its relationship with climate change. Climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation are the two points of view that represent the relationship between the built environment and the natural environment: On the one hand, buildings impact the environment with greenhouse gas emissions that cause changes in the climate conditions, on the other, these changes impact buildings through extreme events such as droughts, floods, extreme winds, heat waves, etc. In the last two decades, the attention of scholars and legislators has been directed mainly to the fight against climate change—implementing mitigation actions—through a progressive process of decarbonisation of the construction industry. Now the problem that appears increasingly urgent is to combine mitigation actions with actions to adapt the built environment to climate change and to the extreme events it causes. It is important to highlight that mitigation and adaptation are linked to different time scales: Climate change mitigation is a process that will take decades to achieve the desired objectives, while adaptation to changing climatic conditions tries to face current and urgent problems in the present time. This chapter aims to explore the relation between the built environment and the possible adaptation measures—which are usually categorised in hard measures and soft measures—that could be applied in order to improve the ability of new and existing buildings to bear the actions deriving from climate change in consideration of the increased frequency of the extreme events. To this aim, it takes as an observation point of the adaptation measures a common tool which is increasingly used in the construction industry: The Green Building Rating Systems (GBRS). GBRS are becoming more and more popular for clients, designers, and builders, but they still seem to be primarily focused on the issue of environmental sustainability and the sustainable use of natural resources. Although there is an important attention of the GBRS towards decarbonisation processes, this aspect appears to refer essentially to the issue of the future climate change mitigation without and actual direct reference to adaptation. The paper investigates how the GBRSs consider building features of mitigation and adaptation to climate change within their evaluation metrics. The paper reports a comparative analysis of several GBRS rating systems with the aim to understand the characteristics of each GBRS and the extent of the integration in their general framework of the mitigation and adaptation performances. The result of the analysis is the evidence of how the existing frameworks often lack on the side of climate change adaptation measures.