Soil sealing in cities occurs through the use of waterproof materials such as stone paving, asphalt, concrete, and roofing materials and generates negative effects on the urban environment. The inefficiency of drainage systems, the flood risk, and the increase in air temperatures in the warm season are the most obvious consequences, but several other issues badly affect the quality of elements like air, water, and soil itself, worsening the well-being and the safety of inhabitants. The Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) are a sub-category of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) capable of unloading the urban drainage systems through the imitation of natural soil functions like infiltration, filtration, water retention, and evapotranspiration. Primarily, these functions reduce the run-off and improve the quality of water, providing also multiple benefits like reducing the UHI (Urban Heat Island) giving a suitable base for biodiversity, improving the amenity of the urbanscape, and several others, all of them essential for reaching the goals of contemporary urban regeneration according to EC policies. Being a very heterogeneous group of solutions, the SuDS perform in different ways according to their construction system. Besides that, in most cases, the wideness of SuDS is a key factor for improving the hydrological performance of an urban area, because the greater the receiving surface, the greater the volume of water treated. This principle is critical in the city centre where normally the density of buildings is high, the road sections are narrow, and the green areas are often smaller compared to the paved squares. Thus, in the city centre, the space availability is limited and, in addition, the material conservation constraints further limit the applicability of SuDS. This chapter presents a classification of SuDS describing the technological systems and the expected performance of each. Then, it focuses on a selection of de-sealing solutions that are suitable for the application in historical urban fabric due to characteristics compatible with both the physical conditions and conservation requests. The objective of the discussion is to introduce SuDS design principles to be applied in city centre.

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Sustainable Drainage Systems in City Centre: Open Problems and Technological Solutions

  • Elena Giacomello,
  • Valeria Tatano,
  • Rosaria Revellini

摘要

Soil sealing in cities occurs through the use of waterproof materials such as stone paving, asphalt, concrete, and roofing materials and generates negative effects on the urban environment. The inefficiency of drainage systems, the flood risk, and the increase in air temperatures in the warm season are the most obvious consequences, but several other issues badly affect the quality of elements like air, water, and soil itself, worsening the well-being and the safety of inhabitants. The Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) are a sub-category of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) capable of unloading the urban drainage systems through the imitation of natural soil functions like infiltration, filtration, water retention, and evapotranspiration. Primarily, these functions reduce the run-off and improve the quality of water, providing also multiple benefits like reducing the UHI (Urban Heat Island) giving a suitable base for biodiversity, improving the amenity of the urbanscape, and several others, all of them essential for reaching the goals of contemporary urban regeneration according to EC policies. Being a very heterogeneous group of solutions, the SuDS perform in different ways according to their construction system. Besides that, in most cases, the wideness of SuDS is a key factor for improving the hydrological performance of an urban area, because the greater the receiving surface, the greater the volume of water treated. This principle is critical in the city centre where normally the density of buildings is high, the road sections are narrow, and the green areas are often smaller compared to the paved squares. Thus, in the city centre, the space availability is limited and, in addition, the material conservation constraints further limit the applicability of SuDS. This chapter presents a classification of SuDS describing the technological systems and the expected performance of each. Then, it focuses on a selection of de-sealing solutions that are suitable for the application in historical urban fabric due to characteristics compatible with both the physical conditions and conservation requests. The objective of the discussion is to introduce SuDS design principles to be applied in city centre.