Many countries have established dedicated national authorities to investigate and prosecute serious and complex white-collar and corporate crime. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the research literature concerning the external challenges and barriers faced by national agencies in Norway (Økokrim), New Zealand (Serious Fraud Office, SFO), the UK (SFO), and the Netherlands (Openbaar Ministerie, OSF). The policing study presented in this chapter is critical, as it highlights the dilemmas that governments must confront when assessing public trust in their national fraud offices and economic crime authorities. For instance, Økokrim in Norway appears hesitant to prosecute cases deemed too complex, which raises questions about its effectiveness and the public’s perception of its capabilities. In contrast, the SFO in New Zealand actively works to prevent the deinstitutionalization of economic crime investigations, striving to maintain a robust framework for tackling fraud. Meanwhile, the SFO in the UK may exert deterrent effects through its enforcement activities, potentially influencing corporate behavior across the country. Conversely, the OSF in the Netherlands faces significant challenges from the private sector, particularly from corporate investigators who operate independently, complicating the landscape of corporate crime investigations.