Prevention and Management of Venous Ulcers
摘要
Venous leg ulcer (VLU) is the most common type of chronic wound, accounting for approximately 70% of lower extremity wounds [1]. Chronic wounds are characterized as those that are “refractory and do not heal in the projected time frame, often physiologically impaired due to an underlying pathology,” as compared with acute wounds that undergo a process of predicted wound healing. Little is known about the prevalence and incidence of VLU internationally; however, a recent systematic review noted the incidence ranging from 0.15% to 11.56% and prevalence ranging from 0.16% to 1.69% although there was extreme heterogeneity across effect sizes [2]. Of those over 65 years of age, 3–5% will endure a VLU in their lifetime [3, 4]. VLUs can significantly reduce quality of life due to high recurrence rates, leg discomfort, in addition to negative psychological and financial implications. VLU patients are at an increased risk of emotional stress, including anxiety, depression, embarrassment, and reduced self-efficacy. There are also large financial and opportunity costs that result in a burden to both the individual and society. Risk factors include family history, obesity, female sex, deep venous thrombosis, increasing age, pregnancy, prolonged standing, and greater height [5–7].