Vascular Diseases Related to Recreational Drugs
摘要
The use of recreational drugs is frequent and their effects are numerous, especially for the cardiovascular system. Two widely consumed drugs, alcohol and tobacco, are not illegal. Numerous illegal drugs are used with frequencies varying from country to country, as published in 2015: from 0.4% in Turkey to 22.1% in France for cannabis, from 0.2% in Greece and Romania to 4.2% in the United Kingdom for cocaine, from 0.1% in Italy and Turkey to 3% in the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom for ecstasy, and from ≤0.1% in Romania, Italy, and Portugal to 2.5% in Estonia for amphetamines [1]. Recreational abuse of drugs such as alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and amphetamine-type stimulants is linked to early-onset cardiovascular diseases [2]. Main cardiovascular consequences of recreational drug abuses are vasoconstriction and/or hypertension, vasodilatation and/or hypotension, and also thrombosis, heart rhythm disorders, collapse, and death. Since 2010, the development of new synthetic products such as synthetic cannabinoids, amphetamine-like stimulants, and opium-like substances (fentanyl) is a plague and is growing dramatically and, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. Their consumption is becoming dramatically commonplace. They are more powerful, more addictive, more easily accessible on the Internet and less expensive. The intensity of the drug toxicity is multifactorial and depends on the state of health of the user, the drug (type, quantity, and quality), whether or not the route of administration is suitable, and whether or not the drug is used alone. Multidrug use is more deleterious because of the combination of many detrimental toxic effects. Recreational drug use should be systematically considered in the event of cardiovascular symptoms, especially in young people.