As in many other fields of medicine, particularly internal medicine, medical examination plays a key role in patient care in vascular medicine. A carefully conducted medical history is a crucial element of the medical examination and plays a key role in making the correct diagnosis. The clinical picture of vascular diseases is very wide and varied. On the one hand, it can occur because diseases can affect blood vessels present throughout the body in various ways. On the other hand, the vascular system’s pathology may occur at the level of arteries, veins, microcirculation and lymphatic vessels. This chapter discusses the most important aspects of medical history in the care of patients with vascular diseases. First, the general aspects of the medical history are presented, then the most important symptoms occurring in selected diseases of the arteries, veins, microcirculation and lymphatic system are discussed.