Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) caused by the PPR virus (PPRV) is an economically important disease of sheep and goats that is serving as a major constraint in the development of small ruminant’s production within an infected area. The virus is endemic across much of the developing world and has spread into Europe and the Far East. As a reportable disease, the World Organization for Animal Health and the Food and Agriculture Organization have targeted it for eradication. However, for the virus to be eradicated, there is the need to continue our understanding of the epidemiology, transmission, and pattern of disease of the virus, its host range, and pathogenicity. The extent of involvement of multiple species of wildlife in Africa and their role in the circulation of the virus to the population of susceptible hosts of both domestic and wildlife are a threat to the conservation of wildlife and the resilience of the ecosystems. However, other challenges include the uncontrolled movement of animals across porous African borders, the limited financial capacity of farmers to expand or improve the system, inadequate vaccine supply and delivery, and complicated PPR control and eradication programs. Besides, having a structure of control and eradication, there is the need for a monitoring and evaluation strategy, risk mitigation, and coordination of vaccines and vaccination. PPRV continues to decimate the small ruminant populations across much of the African countries. Furthermore, given the continued occurrence of PPR and increasing global human and animals movements, the virus has continued to be reported in previously PPR-free countries and thereby considered as an emerging pathogen.