The research focuses on the pressing issue of innovative development in the digital environment and the technological transformation of the economy under the influence of natural-climatic risks. The research substantiates and elucidates the technological and ecological priorities of digital development in today’s conditions. Digital technologies affect a wide range of industries and types of activities. They have positive and negative impacts on the climate. The impact of digitalization on reducing carbon intensity increases with the growth of renewable energy. Data analysis and artificial intelligence make it possible to predict peak loads and optimize production processes, reducing energy consumption. Increasing the share of renewable energy in combination with the digitalization of infrastructure can significantly reduce carbon intensity and contribute to sustainable and environmentally friendly development. The analysis of heterogeneity shows that digitalization’s impact on reducing carbon dioxide emissions is stronger in countries with higher levels of digital investments. Despite all the advantages, it is also necessary to consider the potential negative consequences of the digital economy, such as energy consumption for the operation of digital devices and servers and problems associated with electronic waste management. The authors explore the issues of high energy and resource consumption, especially in data processing and manufacturing classes. Decarbonization processes (i.e., reducing carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere) are becoming increasingly significant in developing the digital economy. However, the proper use of digital technologies and innovative approaches can ensure more sustainable development and decarbonization. Therefore, it is important to balance digital growth with efforts toward decarbonization, for example, by using energy-efficient technologies and developing clean energy sources in the digital economy’s infrastructure. The research offers empirical data and targeted policy recommendations to promote decarbonization and digital transformation.