The authors characterized the agricultural and land reform of the early 1990s and described the features that have led to the current complexities in agricultural land use. Additionally, the authors indicated unresolved problems associated with the privatization of agricultural lands. The reasons behind the emergence of unused and undemanded agricultural lands are examined. Data on such agricultural lands within Russia is provided, and their current organizational and legal status is characterized. The authors conclude that it is crucial to rationally utilize land resources to ensure the country’s food security. This necessitates the implementation of land management solutions. Moreover, the authors outlined issues affecting agricultural production, the economy, agriculture, and overall national food security. The authors substantiate that successfully implementing the State Program for the Circulation of Unused Lands requires a comprehensive overhaul of the national land management system. It is demonstrated that transferring all undemanded land shares to municipalities necessitates appropriate land management (organizational and economic) measures and amendments to laws in light of the current situation. It is determined that land management measures will reduce the complexities and risks arising from insufficient data on unused and undemanded agricultural lands and their rightful owners.