Maintaining forest connectivity for biodiversity conservation in Tanzania has become a conservation priority in response to increasing land development and road networks. Forests harbour and support diverse life forms worldwide, with the distribution and density of human populations having negative impacts on gene flow and landscape connectivity. On the following pages, the Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM) forest networks in Tanzania serve as a case study to identify and describe areas that promote connectivity by facilitating the movement of biodiversity and gene flow in a fragmented landscape. The objective is to increase awareness and understanding regarding the drivers of connectivity in a patchwork landscape characterised by human use. We present profiles of areas now protected as Nature Forest Reserves (NFRs) whose biological and socio-economic values have been documented by scientists for over a century. The potential for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service delivery is described while identifying the current challenges and future prospects.