The persistence of wildlife in human-dominated landscapes is a challenge. Fragmentation of natural ecosystems is one of the major threats to biodiversity conservation, especially in densely populated and developing regions. Connectivity among remaining natural habitats can mitigate the negative ecological and evolutionary effects of fragmentation to a great extent. Central India has been a hotspot of landscape connectivity research in South Asia. We reviewed published research on landscape connectivity in Central India to identify the prominent trends and patterns in the literature. The overarching pattern we found is that most connectivity research in the region has been conducted on terrestrial ecosystems, especially forests, and on single species—usually the tiger—by independent research groups applying singular methods. However, recent research is tending more toward multi-species approaches within collaborative research frameworks. There is a need to integrate multiple methods, social acceptance towards wildlife, and collective action to ensure the persistence of biodiversity in the Central Indian landscape.