Since the late 1970s, China has launched six national ecological restoration projects across the country to protect the environment and restore degraded ecosystems. The implementation of these national ecological restoration projects has improved ecosystem services such as soil erosion control, water retention, flood mitigation, and biodiversity conservation. As China’s first world super ecological engineering project, the Three-North Shelter Forest Programme has achieved excellent results regarding maintaining national ecological security as well as promoting economic and social development. In addition, the Grain for Green Programme (GfG) is the ecological engineering project with the largest investment, the strongest policy, the widest coverage, and the highest degree of public participation in the world. The implementation of GfG has greatly increased the average forest coverage rate in the project area and significantly improved the soil erosion situation in major river basins as well as around important lakes and reservoirs.