In recent era of scientific research, green synthesis of nanoparticles and their application in various bioremediation processes have gained immense importance. Specifically, algal nanoparticles have shown huge potential in reducing bioinorganic pollution such as remediation of heavy metals, dyes, several volatile organic compounds, partially absorbed drugs, and antibiotics. Algal nanoparticles utilize their target-specific reactivity to capture functional groups of volatile organic compounds followed by condensation, eventually converting them into soluble products and their subsequent elimination. Interestingly, the decolorization of azo dyes and their toxic residues is being carried out by algal nanoparticles via an effective mechanism of electron transport production in its catalytic reduction. It has also been largely used to cure heavy metal pollution by manipulating the affinity of algal nanoparticles toward heavy metals. Their bio-adsorbent nature promotes uptake or association with heavy metals, and hence removing the same. Similarly, effective amputation of partially metabolized antibiotics and drugs can be removed by assessing the nature of the compound, molecular weight, and solubility. This gives us an insight into the successful approach of biogenic use of algal nanoparticles, which have high removal efficiency, are cost-effective, and are ecologically beneficial, thus making phyconanotechnology an exciting prospect in current scientific research.