Road networks require meticulous construction of overlay bituminous pavement layers to ensure their optimal performance and long-term persistence. The Benkelman deflection method is an important instrument for determining the structural integrity of pavements. Engineers can accurately measure the stiffness of the present pavement and locate areas that are prone to distress by measuring the pavement’s deflections under a standard wheel load. This technique allows for the adjustment of overlay design to prevent distresses such as rutting and cracking. It also allows for more informed decisions about the thickness and composition of overlay materials. The Benkelman deflection technique in pavement design processes may increase infrastructure resilience and service life, allowing road authorities to construct safer and more sustainable transportation networks. Effective pavement design is one of the most crucial aspects of project design. For vehicles, the pavement is the most visible part of the road. People often use the pavement’s smoothness or roughness to determine the road’s condition and usefulness. Poor pavement conditions may result in greater user costs, longer travel times, increased fuel and brake consumption, more frequent vehicle maintenance repairs, and a higher chance of accidents. The pavement will perform better in the long term if the materials have stronger strength and stiffness properties. To improve the performance of existing materials, pavement design should focus on their efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and effective use. Ecologically friendly approaches must restore unmanaged broken pavements, ensuring the preservation of roads for future generations. Understanding the various types of distress, material situations, and environmental variables may aid in the development of rehabilitation techniques.