Trentepohlia algae are intriguing filamentous green organisms with unique ecological roles and distribution patterns in various terrestrial environments. These are abundant in the tropics but also found in the temperate regions. This chapter explores different aspects of Trentepohlia, including its taxonomy, geographical distribution, transmission, host range, symptomatology, pathogenicity, isolation and identification, epidemiology, economic importance, and cultural, chemical, and biological control measures. The taxonomy of Trentepohlia is well-established, and its widespread distribution makes it an ecological pioneer capable of colonizing diverse habitats worldwide. These algae exhibit unique transmission strategies, primarily relying on airborne dispersal of spores to colonize new substrates. While Trentepohlia is non-pathogenic and benign to its hosts, it shapes the microhabitats, influences biodiversity, and exhibits biotechnological potential.