Rotylenchulus is considered one of the world’s 10 most important plant parasitic nematodes. Eleven valid species, clearly defined through morphological, morphometric, and molecular diagnoses, have been recorded for this nematode. However, the most important is R. reniformis due to its widespread worldwide distribution, wide host range, and production losses of up to 60%. Rotylenchulus spp. attacks the root system of the host plants and through its semi-endoparasitic feeding habit reduces the capacity for water and nutrients uptake, inducing symptoms in the aerial part and roots. Different practices favor its spread, including the use of infested seeds, the use of contaminated machinery, among others. The management of the nematode should consider integrating different management strategies, including the use of healthy seed, minimum tillage, crop rotation, incorporation of soil amendments, application of biological control agents, cover crops, and the planting of varieties with resistance or tolerance.