Kainate receptors (KARs) regulate glutamate-mediated ion flow in the brain, influencing neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. KARs are comprised of primary and secondary subunits, forming tetramers with diverse functions based on their composition. Precise trafficking and localisation, modulated by splicing, post-translational modifications and protein interactions, are crucial for synaptic modulation and plasticity. Dysregulation of KARs is implicated in many neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders such as temporal lobe epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder and major depressive disorder. Understanding the KAR function offers insights into therapeutic interventions for these conditions. This chapter explores KARs role in synaptic balance, neural network integrity and the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets.