The present chapter focuses on Modern Heritage (MH) of the built environment in the context of European cultural heritage: the fact that almost 50% of the World Cultural Heritage within the UNESCO World Heritage List (WHL) is located in Europe—449 declared properties out of 900 worldwide—it makes this continent a proper case study for MH. Being the cultural heritage the most represented in the WHL, the analysis can help understand current and future tendencies, as well as unbalances in the inclusion of MH in the WHL. The study will work on the first four countries of the list with more cultural heritage, all of them Europeans: France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. Firstly, the present research offers an identification and geographical location of MH. It continues with an analysis and reflection of the most represented criteria when applied to MH. Finally, it zooms in the predominant programs and uses commonly valued within MH. It aims to unveil the problem of underrepresentation of MH within WHL, raising awareness among researchers, students, and faculty members of architecture of the need for commitment, but also of the opportunity that Modern Heritage represents.