In this chapter, we discuss the progress of women’s leadership in science in Uzbekistan in the current era of globalization and its importance. Special attention is paid to the reforms and opportunities being implemented to create social and institutional pipelines for women to progress. In particular, we analyzed women’s recognition as scientists and as esteemed members of society through access to higher education, scientific work, increased financial support, and encouragement of social norms that recognize women’s striving for knowledge, talent, effort, and contributions to science. Based on our comprehensive analysis of data from the Agency on Statistics, we explored the developments since 2017, when the attention to gender parity has amplified with new intensity. Our analysis confirmed that women’s participation in science increased quantitatively and qualitatively. We discuss the trajectory set by the reform, the view of it by the women leaders in science, and implications for the future of women in science in Uzbekistan’s higher education and scientific institutions.