Geothermal Energy in Switzerland: Highlighting the Role of Context
摘要
This chapter presents the latest trends of deep geothermal (DGE) energy in Switzerland. The country played a pioneering role in the development of low-enthalpy DGE. But setbacks in early flagship projects have slowed these efforts. Since then, the development of DGE in Switzerland has been characterized by a plurality of technologies, actors and institutional frameworks. We examine how federalism and direct democracy has shaped this plural landscape and how it influences current DGE development. The chapter first introduces the institutional and political setting of DGE, as well as the main actors involved. Then, focusing on specific cases, the chapter presents different forms of public engagement that are shaped by the variety of actors involved, as well as the regulatory frameworks and cultural backgrounds. The results underline the importance of taking into account the social context of DGE projects. Furthermore, the results highlight that such a context is dynamic and responsive to the communication and public engagement strategies set up by DGE project operators. In conclusion, using Switzerland as an example, we show that operators must develop functional-dynamic siting, communication and public engagement procedures.