The fieldPlant nanotechnology of nanotechnologyNanotechnology unveiled the potential materials in the size of 100 nm and below with excellent biological activities. In this line, the carbon material, graphene oxide (GO) has been identified as an excellent drug deliveryDrug delivery vehicle due to its physic-chemical properties and functional groups on the graphene sheet such as epoxy, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups. With its available oxygen functional group, it enables binding with other molecules efficiently. GO has been employed in in vitro anticancer activitiesAnticancer activity against various cellCell lines such as A549, NCI-H460 and NCI-H1975, HeLa, HCT116, MDA-MB-231, and MCF 7 cellCell lines. Besides, it was efficiently fabricated with different anticancer drugs and combinations such as PTX-loaded GO-g-MA/FA, GO-DEX-Apt-CUR, and CS–GO–DOX for achieving potential therapeuticTherapeutic nanoparticles combinations. In addition to that, the potential application in the plantPlant as a carbon nanotubeCarbon nanotubes, single-walled and multi-walled nanotubesNanotubes for water intake, slow release, etc. added higher advantage in the agricultural sector. This review discusses graphene oxide synthesis, characterization, and application in various fields.