The integration of smart grid technologies in energy infrastructures is a significant shift towards efficient, sustainable and reliable electricity management, but it also brings cyber security challenges to the forefront. This study delves into the cyber security vulnerabilities of key smart grid assets such as smart meters, advanced metering infrastructure systems and distributed energy resources such photovoltaic systems, virtual power plants and battery parks. A comprehensive three-step methodology is employed to identify attack vectors, analyze attack tactics and specify the appropriate mitigation strategies. The confidentiality, integrity and availability model and MITRE ATT&CK framework are employed to identify the four main attack vectors and specify the appropriate mitigation strategies based on established security principles. The results highlight the need to implement robust security measures to safeguard smart grid assets and offer strategic guidance for addressing the cyber security challenges. The study enriches the discourse on smart grid security by providing actionable insights for improving energy system reliability and resilience.